日常維護(hù)
PLC的日常維護(hù)和保養(yǎng)比較簡(jiǎn)單,主要是更換保險(xiǎn)絲和鋰電池, 基本沒(méi)有其它易損元器件。由于存放用戶(hù)程序的隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器(RAM)、計(jì)數(shù)器和具有保持功能的輔助繼電器等均用鋰電池保護(hù),鋰電池的壽命大約為5年,當(dāng)鋰電池的電壓逐漸降低到一定程度時(shí),PLC基本單元上電池電壓跌落到指示燈亮,提示用戶(hù)注意有鋰電池所支持的程序還可保留一周左右,必須更換電池,這是日常維護(hù)的主要內(nèi)容。
調(diào)換鋰電池的步驟為:
■在拆裝前,應(yīng)先讓PLC通電15秒以上(這樣可使作為存儲(chǔ)器備用電源的電容器充電,在鋰電池?cái)嚅_(kāi)后,該電容可對(duì)PLC做短暫供電,以保護(hù)RAM 中的信息不丟失);
■斷開(kāi)PLC的交流電源;
■打開(kāi)基本單元的電池蓋板;
■取下舊電池,裝上新電池;
■蓋上電池蓋板。
注意更換電池時(shí)間要盡量短,一般不允許超過(guò)3分鐘。如果時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng),RAM中的程序?qū)⑾А?/div>
此外,應(yīng)注意更換保險(xiǎn)絲時(shí)要采用指定型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品。
I/O模塊的更換
若需替換一個(gè)模塊,用戶(hù)應(yīng)確認(rèn)被安裝的模塊是同類(lèi)型。有些I/O系統(tǒng)允許帶電更換模塊,而有些則需切斷電源。若替換后可解決問(wèn)題,但在一相對(duì)較短時(shí)間后又發(fā)生故障,那么用戶(hù)應(yīng)檢查能產(chǎn)生電壓的感性負(fù)載,也許需要從外部抑制其電流尖峰。如果保險(xiǎn)絲在更換后易被燒斷,則有可能是模塊的輸出電流超限,或輸出設(shè)備被短路。
PLC的故障診斷是一個(gè)十分重要的問(wèn)題,是保證PLC控制系統(tǒng)正常、可靠運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵。本文對(duì)常用的故障診斷方法進(jìn)行了探討。在實(shí)際工作過(guò)程中,應(yīng)充分考慮到對(duì)PLC的各種不利因素,定期進(jìn)行檢查和日常維護(hù),以保證PLC控制系統(tǒng)安全、可靠地運(yùn)行。
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